how does rheumatoid arthritis start?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that begins when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy joint tissues. This process leads to inflammation, pain, and swelling in the affected joints.

Key Points on How RA Starts:

• Autoimmune Response: In RA, the immune system targets the lining of the joints, causing chronic inflammation. This is different from osteoarthritis, which is primarily due to wear and tear on the joints.

• Symptoms: The onset of RA can vary significantly among individuals. Common early symptoms include:

  • Joint pain and tenderness
  • Swelling in the joints
  • Stiffness, particularly in the morning
  • Symmetrical involvement, meaning the same joints on both sides of the body are often affected.

• Flares and Remissions: RA is characterised by periods of increased disease activity, known as 'flares', followed by times of reduced symptoms or remission. These flares can occur without any obvious triggers.

• Genetic and Environmental Factors: While the exact cause of RA is not fully understood, it is believed that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors plays a role. For instance, individuals with a family history of RA or those who smoke may have a higher risk of developing the condition.

• Diagnosis: Diagnosing RA can be complex and may involve a combination of physical examinations, blood tests for specific antibodies, and imaging tests to assess joint damage.

Conclusion

If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms of RA, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes and help manage the condition effectively.