Rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear of joints, RA is driven by an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues. This leads to chronic inflammation, pain, and swelling in affected joints, predominantly in the hands, feet, and wrists.
The exact cause of RA remains unclear, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors is believed to play a role. Symptoms typically include joint pain, stiffness (especially in the morning), swelling, and reduced range of motion. Over time, RA can cause joint damage and deformities, significantly impacting the quality of life.
Diagnosis often involves blood tests for specific antibodies and imaging tests to assess joint damage. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing joint damage. Medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are commonly used. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery, may be recommended.
Living with RA requires a holistic approach, including medical treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and support from healthcare professionals and support groups. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for RA patients.