when is surgery the right option and what are the common types of surgery for people with arthritis?

Deciding on surgery for arthritis is a significant choice that requires careful consideration and discussion with your healthcare provider. In my sources, surgery is generally considered when other treatments have not provided sufficient relief from pain or improved joint function. Here’s a closer look at when surgery might be the right option and the common types of surgical procedures available for people with arthritis.

When is Surgery the Right Option?

You should consider discussing surgery with your doctor if you experience any of the following:

• Persistent Pain: If you have pain that disrupts your sleep or does not improve with rest, medications, or other treatments.
• Functional Limitations: If your affected joint makes it difficult to perform daily activities, such as showering, dressing, or preparing meals, and you require assistance.
• Impact on Quality of Life: If your condition prevents you from enjoying activities you love, such as exercising or hobbies.
• Work and Care Responsibilities: If your arthritis makes it challenging to work or care for others.

It’s important to note that even if surgery is recommended, the surgeon may advise against it if it is not medically justified.

Common Types of Surgery for Arthritis

There are several types of surgical procedures that may be considered for arthritis, depending on the specific joint affected and the severity of the condition. Here are some of the most common types:

1. Arthrodesis (Joint Fusion)

• Description: This procedure involves fusing two bones in a joint together, eliminating movement and thus pain.
• Commonly Affected Joints: Ankle, wrist, fingers, and thumbs.
• Indications: Typically recommended when the joint is unstable or when other treatments have failed.

2. Arthroscopy

• Description: Often referred to as "keyhole" surgery, this involves inserting a thin instrument (arthroscope) into the joint through a small incision to diagnose and sometimes treat issues.
• Commonly Affected Joints: Knee, shoulder, and ankle.
• Indications: Not generally recommended for knee osteoarthritis unless there are specific symptoms like a locked knee.

3. Osteotomy

• Description: This procedure involves cutting and repositioning a bone to improve joint alignment and reduce pressure.
• Commonly Affected Joints: Knees and hips.
• Indications: Often used for early-stage osteoarthritis to delay the need for joint replacement.

4. Synovectomy

• Description: This involves the removal of inflamed synovial tissue surrounding the joint.
• Commonly Affected Joints: Knee, wrist, ankle, and elbow.
• Indications: Typically performed for inflammatory types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

5. Joint Replacement (Arthroplasty)

• Description: This major surgery involves removing damaged joint surfaces and replacing them with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic.
• Commonly Affected Joints: Knees, hips, shoulders, and elbows.
• Indications: Considered when joint pain persists despite non-surgical treatments, and mobility is severely affected.

Preparing for Surgery

If you and your doctor decide that surgery is the best option, it’s essential to prepare adequately. Here are some recommendations:

• Plan for Recovery: Ensure you have support at home for daily tasks during your recovery period.
• Consult with Healthcare Professionals: Speak with physiotherapists or occupational therapists about any necessary equipment or modifications needed at home.
• Health Considerations: If you are overweight, losing weight can reduce the risk of complications and improve recovery. Stopping smoking and increasing physical activity can also be beneficial.
• Follow-Up Care: Be prepared for a rehabilitation program post-surgery, which may include physiotherapy to aid recovery.

Conclusion

Surgery can be a valuable option for managing arthritis when conservative treatments have failed. However, it is crucial to have thorough discussions with your healthcare provider about the potential benefits, risks, and alternatives before making a decision. Remember, surgery is not a cure, and ongoing management of your condition will still be necessary.

If you have further questions or need more specific information, please consider consulting your healthcare professional for personalised advice.